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Binary vs Decimal Data Units
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There are two competing definitions: decimal (SI) where 1 KB = 1,000 bytes, and binary (IEC) where 1 KiB = 1,024 bytes. Hard drive manufacturers use decimal (so a "1 TB" drive = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes), while operating systems traditionally used binary (so Windows shows 931 GiB for a "1 TB" drive). The IEC introduced KiB/MiB/GiB to avoid confusion.
Drive manufacturers measure in decimal: 1 TB = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes. But Windows measures in binary: 1 TB = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes. So a "1 TB" drive shows as 931 GiB in Windows (1,000,000,000,000 ÷ 1,073,741,824). Macs now display in decimal GB/TB, so they show the full "1 TB" advertised.
Mbps means megabits per second (network speeds), while MBps means megabytes per second (file transfer speeds). Since 1 byte = 8 bits, divide Mbps by 8 to get MBps. A 100 Mbps internet connection transfers files at about 12.5 MB/s. Internet speeds are always quoted in Mbps/Gbps; file sizes in MB/GB.