12 Case Formats
When to Use Each Case
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For developers: camelCase is standard in JavaScript, Java, and Swift. PascalCase is used for classes and React components. snake_case is standard in Python and databases. kebab-case is used for CSS, HTML attributes, and URL slugs. CONSTANT_CASE is used for environment variables and constants.
For writers: Sentence case is used in body text. Title Case is used for article titles and headings. UPPERCASE is used for acronyms and strong emphasis.
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Sentence case capitalizes only the first word of each sentence (like a normal sentence). Title Case capitalizes the first letter of most words — articles, prepositions, and conjunctions of 3 letters or less are left lowercase unless they start the title. Title Case is used for book titles, article headlines, and headings.
The hyphen (-) in kebab-case is interpreted as the subtraction operator in JavaScript, making it invalid for variable names. Use camelCase for JavaScript variable and function names, and kebab-case for CSS class names and HTML attributes where hyphens are valid.